A Guide To Prediabetes: Explaining The Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

Prediabetes is a condition that is thought to affect over seven million people in the United Kingdom. This guide is all about prediabetes – what makes it happen, how to spot it, and what you can do. We'll talk about why prediabetes shows up, the signs that tell you it might be happening to you, and the things you can do to deal with it.

What is prediabetes?

Prediabetes is like a warning sign from your body that your blood sugar levels are higher than they should be, but not quite high enough to be called diabetes. It's a bit like a middle ground. If you think of normal blood sugar as a green light and diabetes as a red light, prediabetes is like a yellow light, telling you to slow down and take notice. It's a condition where your body is giving you a heads-up that you need to make some changes to avoid heading towards diabetes.

Are the symptoms of prediabetes the same as diabetes?

The symptoms of prediabetes and diabetes can be similar, but prediabetes is a bit sneakier because it often doesn't show any symptoms at all. With diabetes, you might notice things like increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. However, in the case of prediabetes, it's like having a silent alarm. Your blood sugar is higher than it should be, but you might not feel anything unusual.

How are prediabetes and diabetes different?

The best thing to do is to think of prediabetes as a warning that diabetes is potentially coming, and a warning that you should change your lifestyle to avoid diabetes. Diabetes, on the other hand, is something that requires immediate attention and treatment before it develops into bigger issues. Prediabetes means your blood sugar is higher than normal, but not quite in the diabetes range. It's a crucial phase where your body is urging you to make changes to avoid progressing to full-blown diabetes.

In diabetes, your blood sugar levels are consistently too high, leading to various symptoms like increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. Diabetes is a more advanced stage that requires ongoing management. The key is catching prediabetes early, using it as a signal to make lifestyle changes and prevent the journey to diabetes. 

Are prediabetes and diabetes treated in the same way?

Treating prediabetes and diabetes involves similar principles, but the intensity and approach may vary. For prediabetes, the focus is often on lifestyle changes – tweaking your diet, stepping up physical activity, and shedding excess weight if needed. In diabetes, management is more comprehensive. Alongside lifestyle adjustments, medications (such as Ozempic and Metformin) or insulin might be necessary to keep blood sugar levels in check. Regular monitoring, a balanced diet, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle become lifelong partners in managing diabetes effectively.

Does prediabetes have any symptoms?

Prediabetes can be a bit elusive when it comes to symptoms, it often doesn't show any clear signs. It's like a silent stage where your blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but your body isn't shouting about it. Sometimes, people with prediabetes may notice subtle things like feeling a bit more tired than usual or having mild issues with their vision. However, these signs are not exclusive to prediabetes, and many people may not experience any symptoms at all.

Are there any warning signs for prediabetes?

Prediabetes doesn't always come with clear warning signs, but there are some factors that could indicate you're at a higher risk. If you're carrying extra weight, especially around the waist, it could be a signal. Also, if your family has a history of diabetes then your risk may be higher. Other factors that could potentially be classed as warning signs include low levels of physical activity, age, and a poor diet. 

What are the complications of prediabetes?

Prediabetes, if left unaddressed, can lead to various complications. While it's not diabetes yet, it's a significant sign that your body needs attention. Some potential complications to be aware of include:

• Type 2 Diabetes

• Heart Issues - An increased risk of heart disease or stroke

• Kidney Damage

• Nerve Damage

• Issues With Vision

The key is to treat prediabetes as a crucial warning. By making lifestyle changes, adopting a healthier diet, increasing physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight, you can often prevent these complications and keep your health on the right track.

What long-term effects can prediabetes have?

Prediabetes, if not addressed, can have long-term effects on your health. The most significant long-term effect is the increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Ensuring you address prediabetes quickly is a great first step for preventing it from progressing to type 2 diabetes. Prediabetes also can raise the risk of heart disease and stroke as well as kidney and nerve damage. 

What are the main causes of prediabetes?

The causes of prediabetes are often linked to a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. Family history can play a role. If your parents or siblings have had diabetes, you might be at a higher risk. Other factors that may influence the development of prediabetes include your weight, a lack of exercise or physical activity, your age, and a poor diet. 

What factors can increase your risk of prediabetes?

Is inactivity a risk factor for prediabetes?

Inactivity is a significant risk factor for prediabetes. When you're not getting enough physical activity, your body becomes less efficient in using insulin, which can lead to insulin resistance. Regular exercise helps your body use insulin more effectively, keeping your blood sugar levels in check. It's like giving your metabolism a boost and making sure your body can handle the sugar in your bloodstream.

Is diet a risk factor for prediabetes?

Yes, diet is a significant risk factor for prediabetes. Consuming a diet high in processed foods, sugars, and unhealthy fats can contribute to insulin resistance. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help maintain healthy blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of prediabetes. Monitoring carbohydrate intake, especially refined carbohydrates and sugary foods, is important in managing this risk.

Is ethnicity a risk factor for prediabetes?

Yes, ethnicity can be a factor that influences the risk of prediabetes. Some ethnic groups are more prone to developing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. For example, individuals of African-Caribbean, Black African, or South Asian descent may have a higher risk. Genetic factors and differences in how the body processes glucose can contribute to this increased susceptibility.

Is smoking a risk factor for prediabetes?

Yes, smoking is considered a risk factor for prediabetes. Smoking has been linked to insulin resistance. Smoking is also associated with other health issues, such as inflammation and oxidative stress, which can further contribute to metabolic disturbances. Quitting smoking is not only beneficial for reducing the risk of prediabetes but also for overall health.

Is waist size a risk factor for prediabetes?

Yes, waist size is indeed a significant risk factor for prediabetes. Carrying excess weight, especially around the waist, is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance. The fat stored in the abdominal area, known as visceral fat, is metabolically active and can release substances that interfere with the body's ability to regulate insulin properly. This can lead to elevated blood sugar levels, a characteristic of prediabetes.

Is family history a risk factor for prediabetes?

Yes, a family history of diabetes is considered a risk factor for prediabetes. If your parents or siblings have had diabetes, your risk of developing prediabetes may be higher. Genetic factors can influence how your body processes glucose and how insulin works, contributing to the likelihood of insulin resistance and elevated blood sugar levels. While family history plays a role, it's important to note that lifestyle factors, such as diet and physical activity, also significantly impact the development of prediabetes. 

Is sleep a risk factor for prediabetes?

Yes, inadequate sleep or poor sleep quality can be a risk factor for prediabetes. Sleep plays a crucial role in regulating various metabolic processes, including insulin sensitivity. When you consistently don't get enough quality sleep, it can contribute to insulin resistance. Lack of sleep may also affect hormones that regulate appetite, potentially leading to weight gain and an increased risk of developing prediabetes.

Is gestational diabetes a risk factor for prediabetes?

Yes, having had gestational diabetes during pregnancy can be a risk factor for developing prediabetes later in life. Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy, and women who experience it have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the years following pregnancy. If you've had gestational diabetes, it's crucial to attend postpartum check-ups and follow healthcare recommendations to monitor and manage your long-term risk.

Is weight a risk factor for prediabetes?

Yes, weight is a significant risk factor for prediabetes. Carrying excess weight, especially around the waist, is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance. Maintaining a healthy weight through a combination of a balanced diet and regular physical activity is crucial in managing and preventing prediabetes. If you're concerned about your weight and its impact on your health, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for personalised guidance and support. 

Is high blood pressure (hypertension) a risk factor for prediabetes?

Yes, high blood pressure (also known as hypertension) is considered a risk factor for prediabetes. The two conditions often coexist and share common risk factors, such as obesity and insulin resistance. Individuals with high blood pressure may have an increased risk of developing prediabetes and vice versa. It's essential to monitor and address high blood pressure through regular health check-ups and lifestyle changes. 

Is age a risk factor for prediabetes?

Yes, age can be a risk factor for prediabetes. The risk of prediabetes tends to increase with age, especially after the age of 45. As individuals get older, factors such as decreased physical activity, changes in metabolism, and potential weight gain can contribute to an elevated risk of developing prediabetes.

Is PCOS a risk factor for prediabetes?

Yes, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered a risk factor for prediabetes. PCOS is a common hormonal disorder among people with ovaries, and it can affect insulin resistance, leading to an increased risk of developing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. In PCOS, the body may have difficulty using insulin effectively, resulting in elevated blood sugar levels. This insulin resistance is a key factor in the connection between PCOS and prediabetes.

What is the prediabetes diet?

The prediabetes diet focuses on making healthy food choices to manage blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes. Some general guidelines for a prediabetes-safe diet include:

• Whole Foods: Choose whole, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.

• Limit Carbohydrates: Be mindful of your carbohydrate intake, especially refined carbohydrates and sugars. Opt for complex carbohydrates like whole grains, legumes, and vegetables.

• Watch Portion Sizes: Be aware of portion sizes to avoid overeating. Eating smaller, balanced meals throughout the day can help regulate blood sugar levels.

• Include Lean Proteins: Incorporate lean protein sources such as poultry, fish, beans, lentils, and tofu. Protein can help stabilise blood sugar levels and promote satiety.

• Eat Healthy Fats: Choose sources of healthy fats, such as avocados, nuts, seeds, and olive oil. These fats contribute to overall health and can help manage blood sugar levels.

• Limit Processed Foods: Minimise the intake of processed and packaged foods, which often contain added sugars, unhealthy fats, and excessive salt.

• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day. Limit sugary beverages and opt for water, herbal teas, or other low-calorie options.

How do I test for prediabetes?

Testing for prediabetes typically involves blood tests that measure your blood sugar levels. These tests are typically conducted by healthcare professionals, and interpretation of the results should be done in consultation with your doctor. If you suspect you may have prediabetes or if you have risk factors, it's advisable to discuss testing options with your healthcare provider. Regular check-ups and screenings are crucial for early detection and management of prediabetes.

Why is getting tested for prediabetes important?

Getting tested for prediabetes is crucial for several reasons. Testing allows for the early detection of prediabetes, providing an opportunity to intervene and make lifestyle changes before the condition progresses to type 2 diabetes. Identifying prediabetes provides an opportunity to implement preventive measures, such as adopting a healthy diet, increasing physical activity, and managing weight. Addressing prediabetes early can reduce the risk of complications associated with diabetes, such as heart disease, kidney damage, nerve damage, and eye problems. 

As well as these, knowing your prediabetes status can serve as motivation to make positive changes in your lifestyle. It empowers individuals to take control of their health and work towards preventing the progression of diabetes.

What does a typical diabetes test kit contain?

A typical diabetes test kit contains essential tools and supplies for monitoring blood sugar levels at home. The specific contents may vary, but a standard finger-prick kit (such as the yorktest Diabetes Test) often includes the following:

• Glucose meter

• Test strips

• A finger-prick device/lancet device

• Disposable needles

• Control solution

• User manual/instructions

Again, it is important to note that every diabetes test kit will vary and will contain different apparatus. 

What type of diabetes test kits are available at UK Meds?

At UK Meds, we have a variety of different test kits available to purchase online. Our range includes:

• GlucoRx Nexus 50 Test Strips: These test strips are compatible with GlucoRx monitors

• Accu-Chek Mobile Test Cassette: Strip-free device for monitoring diabetes

• Accu-Chek FastClix: Fast and reliable blood glucose meter

• Accu-Chek Performa Test Strips: Test strips suitable for visual colour tests

• Element Blood Glucose Test Strips 50 Pack: Test strips designed for the Element Blood Glucose Monitoring System

• yorktest Diabetes Test: Tests for HbA1c in your blood, a common risk indicator of developing diabetes and pre-diabetes

What are simple prevention methods for prediabetes?

As is so often the case, prevention is better than cure. Preventing prediabetes involves adopting a healthy lifestyle. Here are some things you should consider if you want to prevent prediabetes, and subsequently type 2 diabetes:

• Eat a healthy, balanced diet

• Get plenty of physical activity

• Maintain a healthy weight

• Quit smoking if you smoke

• Manage your stress levels

• Limit alcohol consumption

Sources

Diabetes UK - Prediabetes Information

Diabetes.co.uk - Pre-diabetes

NHS Forest Health Centre - Pre-diabetes Self-Help

Pro Longevity - Everything You Need to Know About Prediabetes

BBC Good Food - Prediabetes Diet Guide

UK Meds - Diabetes Diagnostics

Mayo Clinic - Prediabetes Symptoms and Causes

NHS - Diabetes Overview